AUCAT(1)

NAME
aucat - audio files manipulation tool

SYNOPSIS
aucat [-dn] [-b size] [-c min:max] [-e enc] [-f device] [-g position] [-h fmt] [-i file] [-j flag] [-o file] [-p position] [-q port] [-r rate] [-v volume]

DESCRIPTION
The aucat utility can play, record, mix, and process audio files on the fly. During playback, aucat reads audio data concurrently from all played files, mixes it and plays the result on the device. Similarly, it stores audio data recorded from the device into corresponding files. An off-line mode could be used to process audio files without involving audio hardware. Processing includes:

•   Change the sound encoding.
•   Route the sound from one channel to another.
•   Control the per-file playback volume.

Finally, aucat can accept MIDI messages usable for:

•   Volume control.
•   Start, stop and relocate playback and recording.

The options are as follows:

-b size
    The buffer size of the audio device in frames. Default is 7680.

-c min:max
    The range of audio file channel numbers. The default is 0:1, i.e. stereo.

-d  Increase log verbosity.

-e enc
    Encoding of the audio file. The default is s16. Encoding names use the following scheme: signedness ( s or u) followed by the precision in bits, the byte-order ( le or be), the number of bytes per sample, and the alignment ( msb or lsb). Only the signedness and the precision are mandatory. Examples: u8, s16le, s24le3, s24le4lsb.

-f device
    Use this sndio(7) audio device. Device mode and parameters are determined from audio files. Default is default.

-g position
    Go to the given time position and start playback or recording there. This option is equivalent to an incoming MMC relocate message with the same position. The position is expressed as the number of samples (at device sample rate).

-h fmt
    Audio file type. The following file types are supported:

    raw Headerless file.
    wav Microsoft WAV file format.
    aiff
        Apple's audio interchange file format.
    au  Sun/NeXT audio file format.
    auto
        Try to guess, depending on the file name. This is the default.

-i file
    Play this audio file. If the option argument is ‘-’ then standard input will be used.

-j flag
    Control whether source channels are joined or expanded if they don't match the destination number of channels. If the flag is off, then each source channel is routed to a single destination channel, possibly discarding channels. If the flag is on, then a single source may be sent to multiple destinations and multiple sources may be mixed into a single destination. For instance, this feature could be used to convert a stereo file into a mono file mixing left and right channels together. The default is off.

-n  Off-line mode. Read input files and store the result in the output files, processing them on the fly. This mode is useful to mix, demultiplex, resample or re-encode audio files off-line. It requires at least one input (-i) and one output (-o).

-o file
    Record into this audio file. If the option argument is ‘-’ then standard output will be used.

-p position
    Time offset where the beginning of the file belongs. The first sample of the file will be played or recorded when the device reaches the given position. The position is expressed as the number of samples (at device sample rate).

-q port
    Control audio device properties through this MIDI port. This includes per-stream volumes and the ability to synchronously start, stop and relocate audio files.

-r rate
    Sample rate in Hertz of the audio file. The default is 48000.

-v volume
    Software volume attenuation of the file to play. The value must be between 1 and 127, corresponding to -42dB and -0dB attenuation in 1/3dB steps. The default is 127, i.e. no attenuation.

On the command line, per-file parameters (-cehjrv) must precede the file definition (-io).

If aucat is sent SIGHUP, SIGINT or SIGTERM, it terminates recording to files.

MIDI CONTROL
aucat can be controlled through MIDI (-q) as follows: a MIDI channel is assigned to each stream, and the volume is changed using the standard volume controller (number 7).

The master volume can be changed using the standard master volume system exclusive message.

All audio files are controlled by the following MMC messages:

relocate
    All files are relocated to the requested time position. If it is beyond the end of a file, the file is temporarily disabled until a valid position is requested.

start
    Playback and/or recording is started.

stop
    Playback and/or recording is stopped and all files are rewound back to the starting position.

MIDI control is intended to be used together with sndiod(8). For instance, the following command will create two devices: the default snd/0 and a MMC-controlled one snd/0.mmc:

    $ sndiod -r 48000 -z 480 -s default -t slave -s mmc

Programs using snd/0 behave normally, while programs using snd/0.mmc wait for the MMC start signal and start synchronously. Then, the following command will play a file on the snd/0.mmc audio device, giving full control to MIDI software or hardware connected to the midithru/0 MIDI port:

    $ aucat -f snd/0.mmc -q midithru/0 -i file.wav

At this stage, aucat will start, stop and relocate automatically following all user actions in the MIDI sequencer, assuming it's configured to transmit MMC on midithru/0. Furthermore, the MIDI sequencer could be configured to use the snd/0 port as MTC clock source, assured to be synchronous to playback of file.wav.

EXAMPLES
Mix and play two files while recording a third file:

    $ aucat -i file1.wav -i file2.wav -o file3.wav

Record channels 2 and 3 into one stereo file and channels 6 and 7 into another stereo file using a 44.1kHz sampling rate for both:

    $ aucat -r 44100 -c 2:3 -o file1.wav -c 6:7 -o file2.wav

Split a stereo file into two mono files:

    $ aucat -n -i stereo.wav -c 0:0 -o left.wav \
    	-c 1:1 -o right.wav

SEE ALSO
cdio(1), audio(4), sndio(7), audioctl(8), mixerctl(8), sndiod(8)

BUGS
Resampling is low quality.

There are limitations inherent to the wav, aiff, and au file formats: not all encodings are supported, file sizes are limited to 2GB, and the files must support the lseek(2) operation (e.g. pipes do not support it).